in the flesh. In this peculiar and ironic way, as astounding as the overturning of Nineveh, “Rome has been defeated beyond all doubt” (On the Genealogy of Morals 1.16). Since mountains are a common biblical symbol of mighty kingdoms (e.g., Jer. 51:25; cf. the psalms quoted in the comment on 2:3), the faith of Rome and thus of the whole Western world fulfills this word of the Lord Jesus: believing in Christ did indeed move this mountain and overturn it. Since Nineveh eventually came to naught while